Decision modeling and analysis Essay

Case Problem1: Production Strategy: Here, there is a production management in the Better Fitness, Inc. (BFI) which manufactures two types of machines (BodyPlus100 and BodyPlus200). The detailed math has been done in the report as per the statistics given for its production of the two varieties of the machines. The raw material costs in each section consisting in the manufacture of the specific machine (either BodyPlus100 or BodyPlus200). The labor costs are also given which sums up the production cost of the machine so as to calculate the total cost for its manufacture. The net profits are calculated and recommended that the manufacture of one BodyPlus100 machine provides more profit than that is produced in the manufacture of one BodyPlus200 machine. As the net profit made per hour in the manufacture of one BodyPlus100 is $24.73 and where as, the net profit made per hour in the manufacture of one BodyPlus200 is $19.83 Case Problem2: Solutions Plus: In this case issue, the company Solutions Plus is an industrial chemicals company that produces specialized cleaning fluids and solvents for a wide variety of applications. The main issue is that this company has been invited to forward a bid to supply Great North American railroad with a cleaning fluid for locomotives. The main case is to deal with the math related to the production cost and the shipping from two different places (Cincinnati and Oakland, California). The Solution Plus itself cannot produce and deliver the entire amount of required gallons of the cleaning agent and considering the larger distances to ship these cleaning agents, the shipping charges are also included as the expenditure for manufacturing the cleaning agent. The bid has is sent after deciding that the entire production from Cincinnati and Oakland, California shorts the exact requirement of the cleaning agents from eleven (11) different locations in America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since the requirement is not exactly met, the supply of the cleaning agents to Pendleton is made short of 17,615 gallons. The reason only Pendleton is made short of its required deal because, the shipping costs are more to the place from Cincinnati. Also, specified that only 500,000 gallons of cleaning agent can be supplied from Cincinnati and only 50,000 gallons can be sent to any location from Oakland, California. The bid is for a contract of two years. So the shipping costs may vary after one year as the fuel rates might fluctuate. So the Director of marketing of Solution Plus has to bid now fore sighting the fluctuations in the fuel price. Hence, due to the restriction of the total number of gallons supplied from Cincinnati, we could only supply 972,937 gallons of the locomotives cleaning agent to the 11 different locations where the exact requirement is 990,522 gallons of the cleaning agent. When the bid is made for $1,821,214.39 for one year, then the net profit that is made in one year is $237,749.72

?ertain behaviors

Children portray certain behaviors, such sucking looking and grasping to almost anything that comes their way, one may not understand and even fail o explain this they behave this way, but it's one way that children discover or explore the world around them. Through these behavioral actions which mostly are motor skills oriented, a child tend to develop not only physically but cognitively as well this happens through various processes like assimilation, accommodation and equivocation.The aim of this essay therefore is to explain Jean Piglet's concept of assimilation, accommodation, equilibrium as learning processes in child cognitive development. According to Pigged, children are naturally curious explorers who are constantly trying to aka sense of the world by interacting with their environment and with others (Lenient, 1994). In this process, they construct schemas or schemata which are simply mental networks of organized information.Shaffer and Skip, (2010) further explains that s chemas are knowledge base by which children interpret their world or means by which children interpret and organize experience, schemas in effect, are representations of reality. Pigged (1954) adds that as the child seeks to construct an understanding of the world, the developing brain creates schema. Once formed, schemas can be used to identify and understand new information based on past stored experiences (Moreno, 2010). A baby's schemes are structured by simple actions that can be performed on objects.According to Shaffer and Skip (2010) the earliest schemes, formed in infancy, are motor habits such as rocking, grasping, and lifting, which prove to be adaptive indeed. For example, a curious infant who combines the responses of extending an arm (reaching) and grasping with the hand is suddenly capable of satisfying her curiosity by exploring almost any interesting object that is no more than an arm's length away. Simple as these behavioral schemes may be, they permit infants to o perate toys, to turn dials, to open cabinets, and to otherwise master their environments.Older children on the other hand have schemas that include strategies and plans for solving problems. For example, a 6-year-old might have a schema that involves the strategy of classifying objects by size, shape, or color (Contracts, 201 1). One may wonder what children use to construct their knowledge of the world. Pigged believed that children use three cognitive processes to develop their schemas over time these are assimilation, accommodation and equivocation. Assimilation takes place when individuals use their existing schemas to make sense of the events in the world.This involves trying to relate to something new to something that we already know (Moreno, 2010). An example is first time a child sees a ca, he may say ‘doggy' because he has a schema of his pet dog but has not yet learnt about any other animals yet. Another example is a child sees a plane flying and calls it a birdie' because child has a schema of all flying things are birds. Accommodation on the other hand takes place when an individual changes or adjusts an existing schema so that it can explain the new experience.This happens when the new information does not fit well with our existing schemas, causing us to expand or elaborate on the older schema to make sense of the new information. For example a child who interacts with enough cats and dogs will eventually accommodate his animal schemas to include differentiated cat and dogs categories. When new experiences arise, individuals will usually try to use their schemas ( assimilation), when these don't work, they will modify or add to their old schemas until the new information makes sense in their mind accommodation (Moreno, 2010).However if the new information has no relation to any prior schema neither assimilation no accommodation can happen (Cob, 2007). Equivocation is a mechanism that Pigged proposed to explain how children shift from one s tage of thought to the next. The shift occurs as children experience cognitive conflict, or disequilibrium, in trying to understand the world. Eventually, they solve the conflict and reach a balance, or equilibrium, of thought (Contracts 201 1).Moreno, (2010) equivocation is the balance between assimilation and accommodation that is responsible for the growth of thought. For example, if a child believes that the amount of a liquid changes simply because the liquid is poured into a container with a different shape-?for instance, from a container that is short and wide into a container that is tall and narrow-?she might be puzzled by such issues as where the â€Å"extra† liquid came from and whether there is actually more liquid to drink. The child will eventually resolve hose puzzles as her thought becomes more advanced.

Balancing Chemical Equations

Balancing chemical equations 1. Complete the following sentences, using the words or groups of words in the box below. You may use some words more than once. †¢ as small as possible |†¢ decrease |†¢ molecules |†¢ quantities | |†¢ balance |†¢ different |†¢ nature |†¢ rearranging | |†¢ bonds |†¢ equal |†¢ never |†¢ release of a gas | |†¢ characteristic properties |†¢ heat |†¢ new elements |†¢ rules | |†¢ check |†¢ increase |†¢ nuclear |†¢ signs | |†¢ chemical |†¢ law of conservation |†¢ nucleus |†¢ state | |†¢ chemical equation |of mass |†¢ physical |†¢ stoichiometry | |†¢ coefficient |†¢ mass of products |†¢ precipitate |†¢ subscript symbols | |†¢ colour |†¢ mass of reactants |†¢ products |†¢ transformed | |†¢ counting |†¢ molar mass |†¢ proportions |†¢ whole numbers | a)There are three types of changes in matter: ________________________ changes, chemical changes and ________________________ changes. b)A physical change occurs when the form or the ________________________ of a substance is changed. For example, when liquid water is cooled, it becomes ice.Whether water is in liquid form or in the form of ice, the ________________________ that form water remain the same. The ________________________ of water do not change. c)A ________________________ change alters the ________________________ of a substance. The very nature of the ________________________ is altered: they are no longer the same after the change. This transformation involves ________________________ the bonds between the atoms and forming new molecules. d)A ________________________ transformation involves changes that occur in the ________________________ of the atom. The transformation causes the atoms to split and form ________________________. ) Chemical changes occur when the ________________________ between reactants (initial substances) are broken to form new ________________________ (final substances), whose characteristic properties are ________________________. During this process, the quantities of reactants ________________________, and the quantities of products ________________________. f) We can recognize that a chemical change has taken place by certain ________________________: the ________________________, the emission or absorption of ________________________, the emission of light, a change in ________________________, and the formation of a ________________________. ) A chemical change, or chemical reaction, can be represented by a ________________________, which shows how the change took place. It is useful to identify the ________________________ of the substances (solid, liquid, gas or aqueous solution) with ________________________ in parentheses to the right of the substance. h) The scientist Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier made this famous statement that expla ins the________________________: â€Å"Nothing is lost; nothing is created; everthing is ________________________. † This means that the ________________________ before the chemical reaction is equal to the ________________________ after the reaction. ) To follow the law of conservation of mass, we must ________________________ chemical equations by ________________________ the number of atoms of each element on the reactants side and on the products side of the equation. The appropriate ________________________ must be placed in front of each substance so that the number of atoms on each side of the equation is ________________________. j) Certain ________________________ must be followed when balancing a chemical equation. The coefficients must be ________________________, and they must be ________________________. New substances must ________________________ be added, nor existing substances removed.Subscripts in chemical formulas must ________________________ be changed. Finally, we must ________________________ the equation by comparing the number of atoms of each element on either side. k) When a chemical equation is properly balanced, we can find the ________________________ of reactants needed for a reaction and predict the resulting quantities of products. ________________________ is the study of these proportions. It is essential to maintain the ________________________ of the substances throughout the reaction. We can use ________________________ to convert moles into grams. 2. What kind of change is described by each of the following examples? |a) a worn tire | | | |b) limewater that turns white | | | |c) a bracelet that tarnishes | | | |d) the fission of a uranium nucleus | | | |e) rusting iron | | | |f) mercury that expands in hot weather | | | |g) the fusion of the nuclei of several atoms | | | |h) food being transformed into energy | | | |i) salt dissolving in water | | | |j) radium emitting radiation | | 3.For each of the following exam ples, name at least one sign that a chemical change is occurring. a) A match burns. | | | b) A yellow substance appears when NaI is mixed with Pb(NO3)2. | | | c) Bubbles form when chalk is mixed with hydrochloric acid. | | | d) A bright light appears when a piece of magnesium is burned. | | 4. Write a chemical formula to represent the following situation. Aluminum oxide (AlO), commonly called alumina, is formed by the reaction between aluminum (Al) and oxygen (O2). Balance the equation. | | | | | | 5. Balance each of the following chemical equations by indicating the number of atoms in each molecule involved in the reaction. a) C(s)+ H2(g) + O2(g) ( CH3OH(g) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | b)Al(s) + O2 (g) ( Al2O3(s) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | c)C(s) + Cl2(g) + H2(g) ( CHCl3(g) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 6.The decomposition of 10 g of copper oxide is represented by the following equation: 2 CuO(s) ( 2 Cu(s) + O2(g) If you obtain 8 g of copper, what am ount of oxygen was released? Explain your answer. | | | | | | | | | | | | 7. Calculate the mass and the number of moles of silver produced if you make 10  mol of zinc react with sufficient silver nitrate. (The equation is not balanced. Zn(s) + AgNO3(aq) ( Ag(s) + Zn(NO3)2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 8. What mass of glucose will be formed if you make 32  mol of hydrochloric acid react with sufficient carbon? (The equation is not balanced. ) HCl(l) + C(s) ( C10H16(aq) + Cl2(g) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 9. Given the reaction for the synthesis of ammonia: N2(g) + 3 H2(g) ( 2 NH3(g) How many moles of hydrogen are needed to produce 50  g of ammonia? | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 10. Given the following equation: 2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l) ( 2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g) How many moles of hydrogen will be produced by the complete reaction of 75  g of sodium? | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ———â€⠀Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Support activities – Second Year of Secondary Cycle Two |EST | | student BOOK: Chapter 4, pages 108–113 | | Related Handout: Concept review 15 | ACTIVITY 15 EST EST EST EST EST ———————–  ©ERPI Reproduction and adaptation permitted solely for classroom use with Observatory. Observatory / Guide 11129-B

Face-to-Face vs. Online Library Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Face-to-Face vs. Online Library Research - Essay Example From this activity, I learned that face-to-face library experience can provide more relevant information about local events than online library search, while traditional research also increases my knowledge about library use in general and my research topics; although it takes longer than online research and online research can access more resources sometimes faster and easier. Face-to-face library experience can give more relevant information about local events than online library search. Librarians and their assistants already know the â€Å"Get a Clue† program of UVU Library. Interviewing them offers comprehensive and updated information. They can tell me the history and purpose of â€Å"Get a Clue,† as well as outcomes and future plans. Online library sources, on the contrary, do not have access to the local knowledge and information that the librarians and assistants can offer me. Online research cannot offer opinions or perspectives also on â€Å"Get a Clue† as an important program for helping students become oriented on various library services and become comfortable in using them. As â€Å"Get a Clue† research shows, traditional library experience enables me to maximise the use of library services and resources more than online research. Online research is about sitting in front of a computer and mostly accessing materials from there, or finding reference numbers for finding non-online resources. I do not interact with library staff or learn more about old and new library services. On the opposite, face-to-face library search helps me know what other materials are present that I cannot access online, such as videos and other media resources. This research approach also allows me to know library services that can further advance my research. Thus, traditional research provides extra materials and knowledge that are not always accessible through online research. Face-to-face library research, however, has

Individual Project week 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Individual Project week 2 - Assignment Example This is because of the manner in which some of these foods are prepared, and the kind of ingredients used to prepare them. Jade Safe restaurant has since found a gap in the market where people now need to turn to healthy selected and prepared foodstuff. Jade will, therefore, major in preparation of those kinds of foodstuffs that promote healthy living and has little to do with food related diseases. It is the desire for every American citizen to find some fast food in the restaurants, but more so, for the food to be healthy. Obesity has made most Americans succumb to several other diseases such as hypertension, cardiac arrest, and high blood pressure among others. Therefore, most Americans are now taking heed of junk and unhealthy food. They are trying to go the safe way where lean food are replacing the fatty-sweet fast food normally found in the restaurants. However, it is not easy to find such lean meals in the restaurants. Then came the idea that was seized by Jade entrepreneurs to start-up this restaurant that will bridge this gap, by providing safe and healthy meals to Americans. It is true that Jade will get into this business when already there are various restaurants preparing meals and are well known in the market. However, through the two main segmentation strategies of involving the customers demographic and behavioral characteristics, Jade will stay on top of the competition in the industry (Bournemouth 2013). Under the demographic characteristics, the customers will be classified in terms of age where we will have children, the youth, and the adults. In this manner, there will be specific preparation of food in focus of what is good for each particular segment or group. Under customer behavior, we will have them grouped under holiday meals, quick takeaways and self-service. Under the holiday category, there will be special

Whether music is allowed according to the islamic shari'a Essay

Whether music is allowed according to the islamic shari'a - Essay Example It is imperative to be aware of what our religion teaches us about music, acceptance and tolerance of music, and to what extent we are permitted to listen to music. For this we need to refer to the Quran, Hadith and sayings of the Rightly Guided Caliphs and Prophet’s companions. According to these sources, music has been termed as ‘haraam’ in our religion. Interpreters of the Holy Quran have identified the term â€Å"lahwal hadith’ as listening and singing songs, buying music and buying instruments for amusement. Sayyidana Abdullah Ibne Mas`ood, a close companion of the Holy Prophet was inquired the meaning of the phrase â€Å"lahwal hadith’ and he answered, â€Å"I swear by Him besides whom there is no other God, that it refers to ghinaa (singing), (Inter-Islam, 2001).† It is believed that he repeated this statement thrice and his views have been seconded by the Four Caliphs, the prominent Sahaba and other reliable personalities in Islam. Music is forbidden and also regarded as a major sin in the Muslim religion. Playing of musical instruments is also a major sin hence it is haraam to play the guitar, piano, drums etc. Imam Ali ibne Musa Reza says, â€Å"And to be engrossed in musical instruments is also one of the great sins,1 (Bhimji, Saleem).† A verse from Surah Luqman in the Holy Quran is often offered as a proof of prohibition of music, ‘And there are among men those who purchase idle talk in order to mislead others from Allahs path without knowledge, and who throw ridicule upon it. For such there will be a humiliating punishment.† The word â€Å"idle talk’ here refers to the word ‘lahwal hadith’ which has been discussed earlier. This word has been interpreted in two more ways but they refer to shirk (polytheism) and diverting people from Allah’s worship which takes us to the same idea of engaging in prohibited activities (Bilaal, 1986,

Coursework of Qualitative and Ouantitative Research Essay

Coursework of Qualitative and Ouantitative Research - Essay Example (selecting respondents to match certain criteria, e.g. socio- emographic) the more cost-effective, and still reliable. While it may seem most cost-effective to buy in a mailing list (which may be sold as a "sample"), it is highly likely that the poor quality of the list, and the resultant low response rate will produce highly misleading and unreliable results. A larger sample is better than a smaller one, but not in direct proportion; for example, for the analysis to be twice as good, a sample needs to be four times as large, and to be three times as good, nine times as large. A professional agency will be able to advise on the way to achieve the best balance between quality, quantity and cost in sampling to produce reliable findings. Quantitative Data Collection Different methods are used to go ahead with a quantitative research including telephone, postal , on-line and face-to-face methods . In addition, observation studies are growing in popularity. Each has its pros and cons, depending on the time and budget constraints and objectives of the research. For example, postal surveys or self completion surveys are likely to be recommended only in certain circumstances. Quantitative Question-Design Very distinct skills are required to undertake qualitative or quantitative research effectively. Researchers have to be able to design questions which are clear, consistently interpreted, widely understood, unambiguous, meaningful, relevant and tightly defined a more difficult task than it may appear to outsiders. In addition, the full questionnaire must be capable of extracting rich and relevant information which will help managers to make more effective...Therefore , the need is for smaller but focused samples rather than large random samples , which qualitative research categorizes data into patterns as the primary basis for organising and reporting results. 4."It certainly seems reasonable to suggest that one may have a better understanding of a community member's situation by reading a descriptive passage than just looking at demographic statistics"(Kruger,2003)

The Role That Customer - Brand Identification Plays In Brand Loyalty Literature review

The Role That Customer - Brand Identification Plays In Brand Loyalty and Brand Promotion - Literature review Example A brand is principally responsible for establishing a strong relationship with the customers. Therefore brands hold the accountability to build a healthy and strong relationship with the customers of the company. In that process customer brand identification plays a major role. Brand identification is defined as the process of developing a brand that offers positive consumer benefits and in turn results in repeat purchase. Also in the process of customer brand identification, identity of a brand acts as a significant factor. Identity of a brand provides the direction, meaning and purpose of the brand. Brand identity is thus considered as the central unit towards the development of a strategic vision. Brands generally have 3 aspects namely brand image, brand identity and brand position. Brand image portrays about how the brand is being perceived by the customers, brand identity is about how the strategist desires the brand to be perceived by the target audience. Brand positioning is also a part of brand identity; it is about the way by which the intended audience can be effectively targeted. However modern studies highlights that branding has 5 aspects that are, design, positioning, customer relationship, storytelling and price (Healey, 2008, p.8). Thus in order to sustain with a brand in the market and continuously communicating the messages to the target customers, Relationship Marketing is a key process. The next half of the project will offer insights about relationship marketing. The area of relationship marketing has been an area of focus for the last few years. Relationship marketing mainly puts emphasis on the retention of customers rather than acquiring new customers. It heavily stresses on the process of customer satisfaction and gives less importance to sales transactions. Relationship

Hospital visit-socioeconomic issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hospital visit-socioeconomic issues - Essay Example contingent on where youre from, as in certain countries the healthcare and welfare systems are functioning properly and fulfilling their purposes to the best degree possible, while at the same time there are entire countries that lack appropriate systems, causing extreme socio-economic problems. When we mention socio-economic problems relating to hospital visiting, we generally talk about not having a health insurance. The sad reality of today is that there are so many people without a decent health insurance, and when they are in need of proper medical care, they cannot get the proper medical services and treatments due to their lack of money. This may seem absurd of false but in reality this is very common and millions today still dont have health insurance. This leads them to fend for themselves when it comes to medical treatments they need. The first and best example I have to provide regarding this matter is that of my seventeen year old cousin with her ear infection. The socio-economic problems in her case were quite apparent. She, who came in due to a very painful middle ear infection, also suffered greatly because she couldnt open her mouth fully. Her infection was so severe that the doctor stated that she had to go to an ENT specialist. Clearly, specialists cost money, and the amount one has to pay for them is obviously greater than that one has to pay for regular hospital services. My cousin subsequently didnt want to go to the ENT specialist. The reason for her hesitance is that she doesnt have a health insurance. This means that shell have to pay very large sums of money in order to go see that specialist. This is probably a sum she simply cannot afford. I wanted to help her so much, but there was nothing I can do for her! Usually, when talking about socio-economic problems in this regard, we are talking about people from a lower social class (immigrants or people with a different ethnicity than most people in the country in the case of modern

Enterprise Systems Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Enterprise Systems Assessment - Essay Example 89). In order to understand the correlation between Argos as a company and how it functions as an enterprise system, we will have to define some few terms and concepts. It is important to point out that SAP is constantly changing the SRM framework. More often than not it is introducing innovative concepts that are useful in arranging the components of SRM. Basically, there are three core concepts that we have to understand. They include, supply process, business scenarios within each key process, and fundamental technology constituents that are useful in enabling the business processes. It is worth noting that Argos have implemented each business scenario, with one or two SAP elements and there third party applications as they maybe required. An example is the Supplier Enablement scenario is through empowering it with a number of underlying technological components. These components include, Supplier Self Service (SUS), Biller Direct, Enterprise Portal, and inventory Collaboration Hu b (ICH). Argos stores all over the UK have achieved in implementing this business scenario (SAP.COM, 2013, p.1). Production Process at Argos SAP has defined three key supply processes that are involved in purchasing. These processes will jointly constitute the SAP SRM solutions. They include; operational procurement, strategic sourcing, and supplier enablement. Operational Procurement In this section, we will be looking at the various business scenarios that Argos has been successful in implementing. We start with the self service procurement. When it comes to indirect procurement, it allows ones employees to create and manage their own obligation requests. This has been key in relieving it’s purchasing department the huge administrative burden while ensuring at the same time that the procurement processing are faster and responsive. The next scenario is the plan driven procurement also known as the direct procurement. This has been great at automating and streamlining the or dering processes for regularly needed important materials (SAP.COM, 2013, p.1). It is a known fact that SAP SRM has been integrated with planning, designing and the order processing systems. This has made it possible for Argos to link its procurement process with their plan driven strategy. This ensures that they get the materials they need for their key business while at the same time processing and delivering their clients request. Direct procurement does integrate flawlessly with most back end systems like enterprise planning and production. This scenario has given Argos procurement division a chance to integrate operational procurement with their existing supply chain management solution. The last scenario is the service procurement or as it is commonly known as the E-procurement. It has created many opportunities for Argos to save cots in their purchasing process. They have gone the extra mile of extending their cost saving measures like services given that this account for ove r 50 percent of their annual purchasing volumes. This scenario has provided services that have led to a reduction in labor costs, consulting, and maintenance and facility management. Strategic Sourcing After the 2008 world economic crisis, it is estimated that sourcing makes up for 75 percent of one saving on

Middle East Fashion - Syria and Jordan Research Paper

Middle East Fashion - Syria and Jordan - Research Paper Example The essay "Middle East Fashion - Syria and Jordan" explores the fashion of Syria and Jordan. Archeological data show that the ancient Jordanians practiced tradition such living in circular house, domesticating animals, used sophisticated methods for agriculture, made pottery and worshipped ancestors. The data also show that Jordanians practiced copper smelting as evidenced by the large copper mines in Khirbet Feinan. Jordanians speak Arabic as the native language though English is the favorable means of communication among the schooled population. During ceremonial occasions, Jordanians serve tea, Arabic coffee or fruit juice, usually accompanied by sweets. The main dish of the community is Mansaf that consists of lamb meet prepared using dried yogurt, and serve alongside seasoned rice place on flat bread. Mansaf is common meal during ceremonies such as holidays, weddings, engagement, and visits by friends and family. Islam is the dominant and national religion in Jordan, meaning tha t most of the customs are Islamic in nature. Women in Jordan wear conservative clothes that limit at long dresses and hijab for covering the head and face. The traditions do allow the Jordanian women to dress in tight clothes, shorts, sleeveless blouses and short skirts. Jordan allows different types of clothing for women depending on their backgrounds. Very religious women dress in jilbab or libis shari, which are floor-length. The women also cover their heads with scarf. Another type of clothing is national costume.

Rhetorical Analysis on An Elementary School in Slum Essay Example for Free

Rhetorical Analysis on An Elementary School in Slum Essay The poem â€Å"An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum† by Stephen Spender, begins with a stanza depicting the worrying condition of the students in elementary school. As the poem extends further, Spender points out the corruptions in the Government and accuses it for paying little attention to children’s education and health conditions. He argues that the children should break through the confinement of slum, and embrace the beauty of nature. In the slum, Children do not have pleasant moments; they are far away from the â€Å"gusty waves†, and far away from the fields and playgrounds that supposed to accompany them along their childhood memories. They also do not have healthy bodies. A simile compares their hair to â€Å"rootles weed†, which shows that the children are severely malnourished, and are not taken care of. The boy is â€Å"paper-seeming†, and â€Å"of twisted bones†. The â€Å"tall girl with her weighed-down head† implies the fact that she might be looked down by others, and she is physiologically and psychologically fatigue. However, there is â€Å"one unnoted, sweet and young† kid, at the back of the classroom, whose â€Å"eyes live in a dream, of squirrel’s game. † We can see a glimmer of hope from this sweet kid, however, we are not sure if he is simply lost in the â€Å"squirrel’s game†. The school is poorly equipped with donations such as Shakespeare’s portrait that decorates on the â€Å"sour cream walls. † The picture of â€Å"cloudless at dawn, civilized dome riding all cities† is in sharp contrast to the dusty sky and shabby building of elementary school in reality. The kids’ future is painted with a fog under a â€Å"lead sky. † The depiction of turbid sky created an atmosphere of despair and hopelessness. Not only the children’s future is foggy and blurred, but also their lives are monotonous and insipid, â€Å"far far from rivers, capes, and the stars of words. The children are confined to the school in slum as well as their imagination. William Shakespeare, the greatest playwright and poet in English language, is â€Å"wicked† to them, because they cannot appreciate the splendidness of language. And â€Å"the map is a bad example, with ships and sun and love tempting them to steal. † The map gives chil dren the taste of charming nature; however, instead of igniting the light of hope, it falsely tempts the children to acquire their goals even at the cost of stealing. They live in â€Å"cramped holes†, a limited and narrow space, with â€Å"slag heap† all around them. Their study environment and living conditions are horrible, that they cannot maintain healthy body, let alone receiving appropriate education. Their future is like â€Å"mended glass,† foggy and blurred, full of despair. The school only operates when â€Å"governor, teacher, inspector, visitor† come to observe, so it does not provide serious teaching. Consequently, â€Å"this map becomes their window and these windows that shut upon their lives like catacombs. † The slum limits the students’ horizon, like catacombs, and the maps are the only way for them to see the world outside. They live in a dream that can never come true as long as they are still in the slum. At last, the poet envisions the students break through the confinement of slum, and finally they can embrace the beautiful nature, that was once on the map but far away from them. Spender harshly criticizes the government’s nonchalance towards the poverty-stricken children, and he appeals to all the people to pay more attention to the children and help ameliorate their education and health conditions. So that they can â€Å"show the children green fields and make their world run azure on gold sands, and let their tongues run naked into books. †

Labour Laws in India

Labour Laws in India INTRODUCTION Labor law is also known as the Employment Law. The Indian Constitution provides basis of laws to regulate the employment in India. These laws are collectively known as the Labor Laws or the Industrial Laws. In other words it is the â€Å"body of laws, administrative rulings, and precedents which address the legal rights of, and restrictions on, working people and their organizations†. These set of laws provide the basis for any sort of interaction or mediation between the employers and the trade unions. It defines the legal boundary of the rights of both the employers and the employees at the workplace. The labor laws widely cover the following: a. Industrial Relations b. Health and Safety at Work Place c. The standards which the employers should adhere to which includes but is not limited to holidays, leaves, dismissals, minimum wage and the like. This study is primarily based on the Industrial Relation aspect of the Labor Laws. If we look into the history of labor laws we see that the need to formulate labor laws arose because of the employees demanding better working conditions and the simultaneous demands by the employers to restrict the powers of the employees in the organization. The employers feared that the trade unions may transcend the industrial disputes and gain unsolicited political powers. The ILO or the International Labor Organization was the first official body to deal with these problems. It was established as an agency of the League of Nations following the Treaty of Versailles, which was an indication of the end of the World War I. Now we focus on the Industrial Relation aspect of the Labor Laws. Industrial Relations, as the name suggests primarily deals with the employees and the management which result directly or indirectly from the employer-employee relationship. It particularly deals with the relationship between the organization and a group of workers generally known as the Trade Unions. It pertains to the study of free collective bargaining, trade unionism, and the labor-management relationships. As per the Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 Industrial Relations can be defined as the relation between employer and employees, employees and employees and employees and trade unions. Labor relations can be realized at any level of the work place like the shop floor, regional level or at the national level. Few characteristics of Industrial Relations: a. It is non-existent if the parties involved i.e. trade union and the employer are absent. b. It may include both conflict and co-operations. c. It may cover important environmental issues like a country’s technology prowess, socio-political environment, economic environment etc. d. It incorporates the laws made by the government to govern the employer-employee relationship, awards of courts, and the interference patterns of the judiciary on the labor-management relations regulations. In reality the concepts involved in Industrial Relations come from a wide variety of fields ranging from disciplines like humanities, social sciences, behavioral sciences, laws etc. Industrial Relations in India: In the pre-1991 era the conflicts and disputes in the organization were addressed through excessive labor legislations. The laws were protective in nature and covered all the aspects of the workplace like layoffs, wage issues, incentives etc. In due course of time it was realized that these laws were protective in nature and that they led to organizational inefficiency. With the advent of globalization the protective nature of these laws proved inadequate for the Indian industry to remain competitive as it was very rigid and did not allow the Indian manufacturers to compete in the global market. Post liberalization the laws favored the industrialists and they began schemes like employee reduction and the voluntary retirement schemes. Thus we can distinctively notice that globalization brought some symbolic changes in the Industrial Relations in India. They may be summed up briefly as follows: a. Decentralization the collective bargaining in almost all the sectors. b. During an expansionary phase of the economy there is a shortage of able managers and skilled labor. c. The number of unions has increased significantly but their influence has diminished. d. In the banking sector, for example, some unions are putting up a united front. e. Internal Unions are being pushed by employers which essentially imply that no external affiliation is being sought for. f. Training and skill development are seen as an important part of work place. Aim of Industrial Relations: The major aim of Industrial Relations is to safeguard the interest of the labors and the employees as a whole by a sense of mutual agreement and understanding between the two parties. It helps to reduce conflicts and strife between the parties for a harmonious existence of the Indian industry. It also ensures that a high level of productivity is ensured. They also help to reduce the strikes, lock-outs and other forms of blockades by facilitating mutual understanding and consent. The Industrial Relations policies also ensure that an environment of Industrial Democracy is maintained for the benefit of the industry and the country as a whole. More government control in order to regulate the sectors which are at loss so that public interest at large can be safeguarded. Socializations or rationalization of industries by making the state a major employer in itself. Ill Effects of Poor Industrial Relations: Poor industrial relations policies hinder the normal functioning of the industry thereby affecting the entire economy as a whole. It may be noted that the direct loss to a particular plant may not be huge due a conflict but the cumulative loss to the economy is enormous. If we do not have a robust policy in place then there would be rigidity to change in this dynamic situation. As a matter of fact every employee works not only to earn but also to satisfy his egoistic and social needs. Poor industrial relations policies take a heavy toll on human behavior in terms of tension. Thus proper policies need to be in place to maintain cordiality and avoid social tension. Contract Labor in India: An employee is called a contract laborer when he is hired through a contractor. They can be termed as indirect employees who are essentially hired, supervised and paid by a contractor. The contractor is paid in turn by the establishment who needs these contract laborers. However, contract laborers must not be employed when the work is perennial and will continue on a daily basis, when the work is enough to employ full time workers. The Contract Labor (Regulation and Abolition) Act came into being in 1970 and the Contract Labor Central Rules came into effect in the year 1971. The main objectives of these laws were to regulate the employment of Contract Laborers and to provide for its abolition under certain circumstances. The law lays certain rules and regulations with regard to hiring of contract labor, their wages, working conditions etc. As per the guidelines the law is applicable to any industry which engages more than 20 workers on a contract basis. The steps involved in hiring the contract labor are: Enquiry Offers Comparative Statement Negotiation Award the Contract The Act also has provisions that define certain amenities that need to be provided to the contract laborers. These may be the establishment of canteens, rest room arrangements, sufficient drinking water facilities, and first aid. It is to be noted that these amenities are made obligatory by the Act. If the contractor fails to pay the wages to the workers the Principal Employer is liable to make the payment. The system of contract labor has allowed firms tremendous flexibility to choose what is in their best interests. If it were not present companies would have to go for technological restructuring which in turn would mean less number of permanent employees. The Trade Unions however opposed this act as this meant reduction in permanent employment. Also, as the contract laborers belong to the weaker sections of the society they may be deprived of the benefits. The amount of time consumed in coordinating with the contractors and the sub-contractors would also be much more as compared to the regular employment.

Effects of Music on Human Behaviour

Effects of Music on Human Behaviour Zahira Amir Ali Khalfan ABSTRACT This paper explores the relationship between music and human behavior and its role in treating the mentally ill patients for healthy recovery. Being a student nurse the topic is very significant for my learning. The paper is a part of my Behavioral Psychology Course at the Aga Khan University School of Nursing and Midwifery (AKU-SONAM), Karachi, Pakistan. The paper will begin with brief description about relationship between music and human behavior, its importance, bio-psycho-social perspectives and types of music in the light of literature reviewed. In the end, the paper will be summarized and will propose music therapy as a significant strategy in psychiatric recovery. Key words: music, human behavior, music therapy INRODUCTION While observing the Creation of Universe and the evolution of human beings, music is basic, which is reflected in the chirping of birds, giggling of babies and lullaby of mothers or love of fathers. These emotions are predominantly expressed in the common language called music. Music is everywhere, far and wide and it is not just contemplation but is a reality. Today in the world of enchantment, it is the means of entertainment (Parrott, 2009). Thus music has directly or indirectly influenced every human being in shaping his/her behavior. BODY Every person in this universe lives due to Almighty’s creativity and thereby religions are formed to praise Him. The impact of music on religions is boundless. Parrott (2009) while seconding Bhakthi Sankeertan in his book ‘Healing through Music’ says, â€Å"From ancient times, music is something that has put people in touch with their innermost feelings. Different kinds of music work upon different emotions of an individual and release the various incomplete emotions leading towards a total healing of body and mind†. Parrott (2009) cited Steven Fischbacker who writes in his paper â€Å"Music and Spirituality† that music helps to retrieve memories when you see an object which you had associated to form a memory. Cooling (1996) suggests three ‘E’ words viz. explore, engage and express which connects music with spirit. Music is played in festivals to express worship. In Judaism â€Å"Music is the pulse of Jewish spirituality – song charts the biorhythms of the Jewish Soul.† (Chief Rabbi Sir Jonathan Sacks cited in Cooling, 1996). In Christianity music unites people and everyone recites holy songs as being one. In Islam it is a harmony of life. It is inspired by the recitation of Holy Quran and Devotional Literature in Sufism in Islam. In Hinduism, music is considered as the tune and rhythm of the Lord (Parrot, 2009). Music on the one hand is a union of sound and lyrics. (Trappe, 2012). On the other hand it is an approach towards physical mental and social aspects of a human behavior which reflects throughout his life (Kagan, 2013). When a piece of music is composed by a human, it somehow or other, sways one’s behavior which ultimately gives rise to personality development. Pursuant to Music theory, (Leibniz, 1712) a person who is able to play an instrument according to its learnt elements has truly understood the music, but the limitation to this theory is that, it does not explain what a brain perceives and how a person acts over it. Another explanation is that, music is subjective. You cannot tell the meaning of the word â€Å"music†, rather than that you simply play it and make others understand the essence of it. Some say that music is poetic (Leibniz 1712). According to scientific analysis, music is a way to socialize with others, to recreate sexual desires, to form a language and a way of communication for antenatal mothers with their babies. The most common view is that music is an effect of sound created by humans which rejuvenates the environment. (Dorrell, 2006). Psycho musicologist Aristoxenus cited in Butler (1982) says that music is a human effort formed according to one’s sensory abilities and its disclosure should be worthw hile. According to Pavlovian classical conditioning in Vedantam, 2007, when unconditioned stimuli e.g. any work that we perform, combines with conditioned stimuli like music, the conditioned response that we obtain is the desired behavior i.e. whenever we listen to that music we start performing our work. (Vedantam, 2007). Music has a great importance on all accounts of human life including health. Music motivates to have greater self-reliance, confidence; help to form belongings and work in collaboration with others e.g. group of people giving efforts in an orchestra to make it an achievement. (Henley, 2011) Music is a key to understand emotions and feelings. We start understanding the meaning of lyrics when we turn into a teenager which creates an enormous impact on our future. (Vedantam, 2007). A study was done related to lyrical music influencing individual’s mood and helping behaviors. People with prosocial lyrics had positive whereas people with antisocial lyrics had negative behaviors. No convincing statistics were found for helping behaviors but it does not mean that music can’t generate willingness to help. (Ganser et al, 2010). Value of music in academic point of view is astonishing. It is the best way of communication by which children improve their social skills and learning and bring up their self esteem on a higher level. According to a research done by Henley (2012), it was reported that music enhances the reading skills to improve vocabulary. It also helps in solving mathematical problems and improves one’s IQ. It makes a child more imaginative and creative. It is not just for the sake of entertainment rather, it gives an opportunity to pursue it as a profession. For some students it helps to excess in their academics whereas on the contrary it’s a great distraction. (Fatima, 2013). If we look towards the physical, mental and social aspects of a human being throughout his/her journey of existence for development and growth, effect of music is very far reaching. Music lowers blood pressure and improves heart rate variability to reduce stress, depression, anxiety, muscle tension, pain and sudden infant death (Trappe, 2012). A brief pause between two musical notes stimulates neural activity which sharpens cognition and memory and strong beats brings alertness when these beats synchronize with action potential. (Fatima, 2013).It decreases pre-surgery anxiety to the same extent as medications do. Association towards music changes with different stages of life. The most enjoyed music in adulthood improves mood, motivates for socialization and boosts energy. It has been observed that hearing is the last sense that remains for few seconds even when other body parts cease to work, therefore, music is a beautiful source of rejoice for chronically ill or dying patients in their end times (Trappe, 2012). It is also presumed that music runs in families; most of the time it is inherited, but it can be learned as well. (Henley, 2012). There are manifold types of music that precipitates behavior. Classical music is the most beneficial in treating patients with variant diseases. Popular music increases motivation and mood. Meditative music is for spiritual upliftment and relaxation. Hip hop and rap music is less effective than Jazz music which is more pleasing to human senses. Latin-American music heightens positive mood, motivation and keeps active. Folk music adds to augment intelligence, protection and confidence. (Trappe, 2012). Sad music is the root of expression in depressed patients. (Bodner at el, 2007). During my clinical rotation in one of the Psychiatric and Rehabilitation centers in Karachi, I, along with my other colleagues, arranged a musical therapy for patients with mental illness. In collaboration with the patients, they played different instruments and sang songs of their interests. Most of the patients sung depressed and displeasing songs as they were away from their homes. In consequence we concluded that music impacted their interaction, expression of feelings and helped us understand patient’s intrapsyche with the type of song they select to sing. Accordingly we concluded to select that strategy which could help them to recover fast. Looking towards the historical background of music therapy, ÇamsarÄ ±, (2009) seconds Tyson (1981) that after World War II, musicians went to the military hospitals to apply music as a therapy and this lead to the foundation of music as a profession. One of the expressive therapies is music therapy that intends to show free extemporization for a therapeutic change in patients through patient-therapist interactions. It is a technique of ‘self-projection and free association’ to have connection with emotional memories (Erkkilà ¤ et al, 2011).It aids to achieve individual ambitions in assistance with a licensed professional. (American Music Therapy association, 2007). It is a nonverbal and verbal processing along with physical act (e.g. playing instruments) for expressing feelings by provoking unconscious psyche of an individual. (Erkkilà ¤ et al, 2011 Malchiodi 2005). The essential of musical session includes composing, playing musical instruments and enjoying it fully (Fatima, 2013). It brings an insight in psychopathologies. (Erkkilà ¤ et al, 2011). Research confirms that it treats Parkinson’s disease by improving motor skills and emotional issues (Trappe, 2012). It reduces stress hormone (cortisol) in dep ressed adolescence. (Field at el, 1998). Similarly schizophrenic symptoms also improve after 10 therapy sessions for short term whereas long term effect should be further researched. (Gold, 2007, Pavlicevic et al, 1994 You et al, 2002). Music has remarkably reduced patients’ negative thoughts and reduced isolation. It has no side effects and less expensive therefore should be extensively used. (Tang at el, 1994 Ulrich, 2007).Group music therapy transmutes annoyances and anger into inventiveness and enables self-expressions. (Montello at el, 1998). It helps in treating physical handicaps and drug abuse (Fatima, 2013). ÇamsarÄ ± (2009) seconds Gold et al 2009 that music improves communication in Autism. Types of music therapies which help to modify human behavior include Background Music Therapy, Contemplative Music Therapy, Combined Music Therapy, Executive Music Therapy, Executive Iatromusic Therapy, and Creative Music Therapy. (ÇamsarÄ ±, 2009). According to Fatima (2013), clinical Psychologist Qudsia Mehmood states that Pakistani population lacks the awareness about the significance of music therapy. Fatima (2013) cited Mr. Sohail Khan as he had established Music therapy center in Karachi, Pakistan and has widely worked on â€Å"The Prism Project, A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Music in Education† .He states that he is the first music therapist in Pakistan and his goal is to establish such institutions where he can train psychologists related to how effectively they can use music therapy for the betterment of Pakistani society. (Fatima, 2013). It is unpredictable to assume that the music chosen by the therapist is pleasing to the patient or not. Malchiodi (2005) seconds Feder (1998) that music therapy is given after assessing individual preferences and past experiences as, right type of music can alleviate and wrong type of music can aggravate the symptoms. Also, to take an account of music therapy into regular therapy programs for rapid recovery (ÇamsarÄ ±, 2009). A role of therapist is to use music with reflective exercise. (Erkkilà ¤ et al, 2011). CONCLUSION The field of music is indispensable yet unexplored in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. Music has a therapeutic power to heal many chronic patients, including those suffering from mental illness. My experience working with these patients at the Psychiatric and Rehabilitation Center, Karachi, states that there is a very close relationship of music with human behavior. There is a need to introduce music in nursing education, to enhance understanding of these professional care takers to help patients improve positive behavior. Also there is a need to include it as foremost priority in other educational institutions in our country, from the time of early childhood development till the education continues, because the behavior formed in the early childhood is crucial for future adult life. REFERENCES Hans-Joachim Trappe, H.J.T., (2012). Music and medicine: The effects of music on the human being. Applied Cardiopulmonary Pathophysiology. 16, pp.133-142 Philip Dorrell. (30th April 2006). What is music? Retrieved from http://whatismusic.info/articles/TheQuestionWhatIsMusic.html Irving A. Taylor and Frances Paperte, (Dec., 1958). Current Theory and Research in the Effects of Music on Human Behavior. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. Vol. 17, No. 2, pp.251-258 Published by: Wiley Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/427527 Jaakko Erkkilà ¤, J.K., Marko Punkanen, M.P., Jà ¶rg Fachner, J.F., Esa Ala-Ruona, E.A.R., Inga Pà ¶ntià ¶, I.P., Mari Tervaniemi, M.T., Mauno Vanhala M.V., Christian Gold C.G., (2011). Individual music therapy for depression: randomized controlled trial. The British journal of Psychiatry. 199, pp.132-139 Gold, C , (2007). Music therapy improves symptoms in adults hospitalized with schizophrenia. Evidence-Based Mental Health. . 10 (3), pp.77 Gold, C., Heldal, T. O., Dahle, T., Wigram, T., (2005). Music therapy for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,. 3 Pavlicevic, M., Trevarthen, C., Duncan, J. (1994). Improvisational music therapy and the rehabilitation of persons suffering from chronic schizophrenia. Journal of Music Therapy, 31(2), 86–104. Silverman, M. J, (2003). The influence of music on the symptoms of psychosis: A meta-analysis. Journal of Music Therapy. 40 (1), pp.27-40 Tang, W., Yao, X., Zheng, Z., (1994). ). Rehabilitative effect of music therapy for residual schizophrenia: A one-month randomized controlled trial in Shanghai. . British Journal of Psychiatry. 165 (24), pp.38-44 Thaut, M. H, (1989). The influence of music therapy interventions on self-rated changes in relaxation, affect, and thought in psychiatric prisoner-patients. Journal of Music Therapy. (26), pp.155-166 Ulrich, G., Houtmans, T., Gold C. , (2007). The additional therapeutic effect of group music therapy for schizophrenic patients: a randomized study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 166 (5) You, Z. Y., Wang, J. Z, (2002). Meta-analysis of assisted music therapy for chronic schizophrenia. of Evidence-Based Medicine, Shandong University China. 24 (6), pp.564–567 Field, T., Martinez, A., Nawrocki, T., Pickens, J., Fox, N. A., Schanberg, S. , (1998). Music shifts frontal EEG in depressed adolescents. Adolescence. 33 (129), pp.109–116. Montello, L. M., Coons, E. E., (1998). Effect of active versus passive group music therapy on preadolescents with emotional, learning, and behavioral disorders. Journal of Music Therapy. 35, pp.49-67 Bodner, E., Iancu, J., Gilboa, A., Sarel, A., Mazor, A., Amir, D., (2007). Finding words for emotions: The reactions of patients with major depressive disorder towards various musical excerpts. Arts in Psychotherapy. 34 (2) Leardi, S., Pietroletti, R., Angeloni, G., Necozione, S., Ranalletta, G., Del Gusto B. , (2007). Randomized clinical trial examining the effect of music therapy in stress response to day surgery. British Journal of Surgery. 94 (8) Pellitier, C. L. (2004). The effect of music on decreasing arousal due to stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of Music Therapy, 42, 192-214. Silverman, M.J., (2006). Psychiatric patients perception of music therapy and other psycho educational programming. Journal of Music Therapy. 43 (2) Weber, S. (1996). The effects of relaxation exercises on anxiety levels in psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 14(3), 196–205. Darren Henley, D.H., (2012). The importance of music: A national plan for music education. 1st ed. England. Cathy. A. Malchiodi, C.A.M., (2005). History, Theory, and Practice. In: Cathy A. Malchiodi (Ed), Expressive Therapies. 1st Ed. New York: Guilford Publications. Pp.1-15. David Butler, D.B., (01 October 1982). Music Theory, Theories of Music, and Systematic Musicology. Journal of the collage music society. 22, pp.1-15, Retrieved from: http://symposium.music.org/index.php?option=com_k2view=itemid=1933:music-theory-theories-of-music-and-systematic-musicologyItemid=124 Bushra Fatima, B.F., 1st December, 2013. Health Music Therapy – What is it and How to get it in? Blush, retrieved from: http://blush.com.pk/music-therapy-in-pakistan Dr. UlaÃ…Å ¸ M. ÇamsarÄ ±, U.M.C., (17 June, 2009). Music therapy in psychiatry. Department of psychiatry, Cleveland clinic. Jerome Kagan, J.K., (3rd July 2013). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/275332/human-behaviour Shankar Vedantam, S.V. (January 22, 2007). Science: Music, Memory and Human Behavior. Retrieved from: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2007/01/18/DI2007011801190.html Christina m. Trahin, C.M.T. Dr. Marilyn ryan-advisor, M.R.A., (December 2011). Effects of group music therapy on psychiatric patients: Depression, anxiety and relationships, pp.1-55 Ruth Parrott, R.P., (July 2009). The Importance of Music in Different Religions, pp.1-81 Jaden Ganser, J.G. Fareen Huda, F.H., (2010). Music’s Effect on Mood and Helping Behavior. Journal of Undergraduate Research, 13, pp.1-5 1 | Page

The Utopian Solution in The Tempest Essay -- Tempest essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚   The entrance of The Tempest into theatres between 1610 and 1611, signifies a possible correlation between Shakespeare's play and the colonization of the ideal New World. Before analyzing the courtly order and utopian theme in The Tempest, it is important to understand the politics and culture of the court in the early 17th century. The society that Shakespeare emerges from plays an important role in the themes portrayed in The Tempest, because it leads to the utopian solution to the political and class conflict.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The definitions of politics and culture have changed drastically since the 17th century in Great Britain. The freedom of Americans to play an active role in politics and government greatly contrasts the role of the English during the time of The Tempest. Shakespeare lived in a time of government sovereignty, where the role of the people in politics was dependent upon their social (class) status. In "Political Culture," David Harris Sacks asserts that, "the 'sovereignty of state,' consisting solely in governmental powers, is understood to be a feature of a commonwealth, not the commonwealth as a whole" (Sacks 118-19). The lack of involvement of the majority of the commonwealth supports a problematic issue that the role of the people in government was dependent upon their social class, which presented an obvious inequality amongst the political system. The problems facing the commonwealth and the government lead to conformity and complacency amongst the people, but Shakesp eare had writing to overcome the ceiling on social class. Shakespeare's plays, specifically The Tempest, test the boundaries of politics and class order and tend to portray Shakespeare crossing from a conformist to a humanist. Shakespeare us... ...   Ã‚  Ã‚   David Scott Kastan. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 1999. 100-116. Gervinus, G.G. "A review of The Tempest." Shakespeare Commentaries. (1877):787-800. Rpt.     Ã‚  Ã‚   Scott. 304-307. More, Sir Thomas. "Utopia." The Longman Anthology of British Literature. Vol 1. Ed. David     Ã‚  Ã‚   Damrosch. New York: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc., 1999. 637-706. Platt, Peter. "Shakespeare and Rhetorical Culture." A Companion to Shakespeare. Ed. David     Ã‚  Ã‚   Scott Kastan. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 1999.   277-296. Sacks, David Harris. "Political Culture." A Companion to Shakespeare. Ed. David Scott     Ã‚  Ã‚   Kastan. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 1999. 100-116. Snider, Denton J. "A review of The Tempest." The Shakespearian Drama a Commentary:   Ã‚  Ã‚   The Comedies. (1890). Rpt. Scott. 320-324.   

Religious Roles in The Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano Essay

Religious Roles in The Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano The narrative of Olaudah Equiano is truly a magnificent one. Not only does the reader get to see the world through Equiano's own personal experiences, we get to read a major autobiography that combined the form of a slave narrative with that of a spiritual conversion autobiography. Religion may be viewed as at the heart of the matter in Equiano's long, remarkable journey. Through Equiano's own experiences, the reader uncovers just how massive a role religion played in the part of his Narrative and in that of his own life. More specifically, we learn of how his religious conversion meant a type of freedom as momentous as his own independence from slavery. As one reads his tale, one learns just how dedicated he his to that of his Christian faith; from his constant narration of the scriptures to the way that Equiano feels a growing sense of empowerment from the biblical texts for the oppressed community. However, at the same time, one may question Equiano's own Christian piety. D id Equiano really seek to tell the tale of his soul's spiritual journey, did he really believe God would set him free or was he simply using religion as a ways of manipulating British and American readers to accept him as a credible narrator. Regardless of which of these facts is true, religion is quite possibly the defining feature of his life story. Equiano's own exposure of Christianity first began when he was no older than 12 years old and was first arriving in England, where he experienced the sight of snow for the first time. Curious to what it was, he asked a mate and soon found out that "…a great man in the heavens, Called God…" [Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrati... ...he bruised, which our Savior speaks of, who are they?" (Equiano, 124) Undeniably there is no doubt that religion played a major role in Equiano's own life and in his Narrative. No matter what you believe about Equiano's own Christian piety, there is no question that his religious conversion (at the very least) gave him a type of freedom of tranquility that was as vital to his heart, as his own manumission from slavery brought him. Just as Equiano himself mentions about his life and all the events that occurred in it; "…what makes any event important, unless by its observation we become better and wiser, and learn ‘to do justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly before God?'" (Equiano, 253) Bibliography Equiano, Olaudah. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano. Edited by Angelo Costanzo. Orchard Park, NY: Broadway Literary Texts, 2004.

DropBox Case Essay

Dropbox was created in 2007 and launched to the public a year later. It was founded by Drew Houston and Arash Ferdowski; who were classmates together at MIT in the early 2000’s. The created a product that allows you to sync you computers together by using a cloud to share files between the different computers. At the time of creation there were existing products in the market but they believed that they created a product that would simplify the process as well as make it secure and reliable for the customers. Their plan was to differentiate themselves form their competitors based off these factors. For a customer of Dropbox it allows them to easily and reliably share files between their computers or devices. They believed that the existing products were unreliable and would only allow u to share a certain amount of files. Their product would be reliable and easy to use for the customers. They would also get a free 2G worth of space or could but additional space if they needed to. This is something seen by a few competitors but not all of them. They also created a product that can be used for both business and personal use. Dropbox will do something that also differentiates itself form their competitor. They will use Amazons server to provide the customers space the store files. This will be rented from Amazon and will drastically decrease the amount of money they spend to provide space. Owning their own servers will be costly to purchase and maintain for Dropbox. They also only hired engineers to their company in the early going to be able to continue to improve the technology they are providing. To keep improving their product they offered beta testers the opportunity to test the product and see how they like it. They also listened to their customers after the launched to see what they liked and did not like. This led them to develop a feature of the product that allows the customer to provide feedback to the company. They also observed users using the product to see if it fit the needs of a  basic user, which turned out to be very beneficial to the company. Dropbox launched their product in 2008. While the product was still in beta it began to gain customers through various websites and technological competitions for startup companies. This allowed Dropbox to get their name out there to the people who most likely are already using similar products or have the need for this product. When they launched the product they used the freemium business model where they offered free use for up to 2G of space and you could pay a premium for more space. They wanted to grow rapidly in the market to gain as big of market share as possible in the shortest amount of time. They also found great success from word of mouth referrals and viral marketing campaigns. Dropbox’s biggest problem they needed to solve early on was their customer acquisition rate. They found that in the early going to cost about 300 dollars per customer they had pay. This was due to the amount of free space given away to the amount that people were paying for. This does not set them up to be successful financially if it didn’t improve. Dropbox was able to figure this out and lower their costs but utilizing more word of mouth referrals. Dropbox was fortunate enough to have backers that supported their company in the early going with enough money to keep the company going until they could gain the following needed to decrease costs. They have a greater opportunity for profit then most of their competitors because of their use of Amazon’s server instead of buying and maintaining their own, especially with the decreasing rate of renting server space.

Questions Regarding Darwin’s Theory Essay

Darwins think open action of vivid weft is rotatory and he himself is aw ar of the numerous difficulties that critiques efficiency throw at him. In his book, The initiation of the Species, he lookd these difficulties beginning with the question as to why on that point be frequently no middling or nerve forms among species that be closely related. His upshot to this is that the tough competition in disposition combined with the small number of intermediate forms often led to their extinction. Only the well-adapted species stretch forth in the wild, and so intermediate forms that tiret comport the around adaptative characteristics be easily wiped out from constitution. wiz of the key stems in Darwins possible action is that adjustive characteristics in animals be form finished time by legion(predicate) tiny modifications. He then pose the question whether it is possible for an animal to engender sealed characteristics that dont follow its requirement s for adaptation. He cited the item that in most cases, animals have intermediate features that are adaptive to their needs. Thus, for example, ready squirrels whitethorn have evolved from aboveboard squirrels and bats may have evolved from flying lemurs (Wichler, 1961, p. 35).There are to a fault invertebrates with actually innocent eyes that consist of slide fastener much than pigment-coated optic nerves. Animals with more colonial eye structures could have evolved from these creatures with very simplex eyes. Darwin stated that his surmise could be debunked if it could be illustrated that there are complex organs in nature that did non fortify done and by dint of numerous slight modifications finished time (Wichler, 1961, p. 55). He concluded that since he couldnt find such a case in nature, then his guess still was still true. Evolution does non only manifest in the personal characteristics of organisms, and also in their deportment.Darwin turn to the questi on of the development of complex behavior by discussing the behaviors of slave-making ants and making love bees that construct hexangular cells in their hives. He explained that there is a wide range of patterns of behavior among diametrical species. Ants that depend on slavery to wear may have evolved from ants that dont need such behavior to pull through. Similarly, h peerlessy bees that reconstruct hexagonal cells in their hives may have evolved from honey bees that make circular cells in their hives to cut down the use of wax.He concluded that the behaviors or instincts of organisms are not specially created, but rather result from the process of lifelike cream where, in a existence with varied behaviors, only the fittest survive and the unfit, everywheretake (Wichler, 1961, p. 60). During Darwins time, the primary belief is that crossway is not possible because species have features that prevented fat and viable hybrids from existing, which preserved the separatio n of species. Darwin argued that this was not the case, and that the difficulty of producing fertile and viable hybrids differed from one species to an early(a), especially among plant species.There are cases where what were believed to be completely contrary species resulted in fertile viable hybrids, and cases where organisms that were believed to be varieties below the same species couldnt easily convey hybrids. Darwin concluded that his conjecture of natural woof back up the estimation that there are no fundamental differences between varieties and species (Arthur, 1987, p. 12). backing enquiry on Darwins possibility of Evolution Since Darwins time, a mussiness of progress has been made regarding his speculation of growing by natural pick.Today, biologists all over the world have synthesized the developments that were made for many years, resulting in the new deduction of growingary supposition. This synthesis draws ideas from the many branches of the discipline of biota, videlicet paleontology, ecology, morphology, botany, systematics, cytology, and genetics (Arthur, 1987, p. 9). The new synthesis became possible because of the introduction of a reliable sit down of heredity, and the reconciliation of this ensample with nonpluss of natural excerpt emphasizing gradual phylogenyary modifications through time. Scientists accepted many facets of Darwins theory and rejected some.Thinkers like August Weismann and Alfred Russel Wallace advocated neo-Darwinism which firmly emphasizes natural survival as a tool of maturation. They rejected Darwins championship that acquired characteristics also play a break-dance in ontogenesis. Today, the core construct of neo-Darwinism is silent as natural selection parkway evolution with variations generated by recombination and genetic sportsman (Arthur, 1987, p. 32). The search for a reliable model of heredity reproducible with Darwins theory of natural selection led to a long debate by propo nents of dickens schools of though Mendelism and biometry.Mendelians believed in Gregor Mendels seek which was previously conceived to be incompatible with Darwins theory of natural selection. They believed that Mendels conclusions are compatible with saltationism but, which demonstrate evolution through jumps or big mutations. Karl Pearson and some other biometrics opposed the Mendelians claiming empirical evidence pointed to the fact that variation was evidently continuous and not discrete in many organisms. Thus, Mendelism couldnt be combined with Darwins theory during that time, and the Mendelians and biometricians debated hotly for about 20 years (Arthur, 1987, p.40). Synthesis between Mendels and Darwins civilize only became possible through research conducted by RA fisherman, Sewall Wright and JBS Haldane. Fisher demonstrated how continuous variation ascertained by biometricians could result from the actions of several contrary genetic loci. Through this research, Fis her was able to establish that contrary to popular thinking, Mendelian genetics was consistent with Darwins idea of evolution through natural selection. JBS Haldane supported Fishers spirt by applying mathematical analyses to instances of natural selection in the echt world.Haldane concluded that natural selection may work at a faster rate in the real world than Fisher assumed. Sewall Wrights work further facilitated the synthesis of evolutionary theory by demonstrating genetic drift through the interactions of genetic combinations and inbreeding in small single out cosmoss (Gould, 1979, p. 20). Work on evolution by field naturalists and population geneticists was synthesized by Theodosius Dobzhansky. In his work, Dobhansky showed that populations in the real world had more genetic variations than many population geneticists assumed.Dobzhansky demonstrated that Darwins natural selection maintained genetic diversity in the population and drove changes in the forms of species (Go uld, 1979, p. 25). Dobzhanskys work was complemented by another researcher, Edmund Brisco cut across. Modern bionomical genetics draws heavily from Fords work that showed how natural selection worked in nature. Ford studied populations of wild moths and butterflies in nature, which verified Fishers predictions. Ford was also the first to define and render genetic polymorphism and its role in man populations to provide protection against diseases (Williams, 2001, p.45). The correlation coefficient between variations in different populations and environmental factors like climate was first naturalised by Bernhard Rensch, a German biologist. Renschs work influenced Ernst Mayr who emphasized the significance of the geographical isolation of sub-populations in evolution (Williams, 2001, p. 50). The forward-looking or new synthesis of evolutionary theory was further explored by George Gaylord Simpson who showed that paleontology was compatible with evolution. Simpsons research was pivotal because at that time, many paleontologists disagreed that natural selection was the driving force of evolution.Simpson explained how fossil records were consistent with the synthesized theory of evolution which depicted evolution as having irregular branches, instead of linear. Research on natural selection did not only focus on animals through the years. G Ledyard Stebbins, a botanist, contributed to the new synthesis by showing miscegenations effects in some types of plants. after(prenominal) the many advances made in the thirty-something and 1940s, the new evolutionary synthesis was smooth even further by the workings of John Maynard Smith, George C. Williams, and WD Hamilton.These scientists took Darwins ideas and refocused them to a visualize of evolution that concentrated on the genetic level. Today, the new synthesis, with Darwins discovery of natural selection at its core, encompasses other scientific fields and concepts such as genetics and DNA. juvenile dis coveries like these allow Darwins concepts to be dissectd mathematically, producing vital schooling on selection, speciation, and altruism. Darwins theory is unceasingly being reviewed by evolutionary biologists today. atomic number 53 interpretation of the theory is by Richard Dawkins who take a firm stand that the only real unit of selection is the gene.Dawkins also applied Darwins idea of the survival of the fittest to realms outside biology. For instance, he utilize the concept of natural selection to analyze cultural memes. Scientists and experts from different fields are unendingly reviewing Darwins theory to explore its usefulness to biology and other disciplines. end point Charles Darwins seminal work on evolution through natural selection is very all- chief(prenominal)(prenominal) in misgiving how species attained their physical forms and specialized behaviors in nature. It debunked the belief that the forms of species are constant because they are reflections in t he mind of god.Instead, Darwin showed that species are constantly changing through tiny modifications in their physical aspects and behavior through time. Darwin was also the first to explore the fact that there are no significant differences between variations and species. While many thinkers of the time believed that different species cannot produce hybrids because they have characteristics that prevented them from doing so, Darwin showed how the difficulty of hybridization differed from one species to another. Thus, the tiny differences in the forms and behaviors of organisms are the essential driving force of evolution.Darwins theory was not solid however because of the lack of a reliable model of genetics to aide his observations. For this reason, Darwin accepted Lamarcks view that acquired characteristics can also turn on evolution. Darwin thought that the use and disuse of animals of their certain parts had effects on the evolution of a particular species. This flaw however , did not discredit Darwins more Copernican observations on how natural selection drives evolution. The theory of natural selection is also important in guessing variations in organisms that exist today.Darwin was able to demonstrate how one species could have evolved from another to adapt to their environment. For instance, flying squirrels may have evolved from simple squirrels to get the aliment that they need to survive more easily. heterogeneous structures of organs, such as a humans hand, for instance, could have developed from the simple hands of a creature which other primates share ancestry with. Today, the concept of the survival of the fittest is not only important in the field of evolutionary biology but also in other disciplines, such as social theory and economics.Scientists today are continuously exploring Darwins ideas to develop more sound concepts. These concepts should be helpful in understanding how nature works and how humans might oppose to its mechanisms. Humans can base bucolic and conservation practices on the many facets of Darwins theory to produce useful results in the real world. Evolution today is continuously happening and Darwins theory is a vital scientific tool to understand this process and apply it to real-world problems.ReferencesArthur, W. (1987). Theories of Life Darwin, Mendel, and Beyond. capital of the United Kingdom Penguin Books. Cuvier, G., et al. (2003). The Evolution Debate, 1813-1870. London Routledge. Darwin, C. , et al. (1996). On evolution the development of the theory of natural selection. capital of Indiana Hackett Publishing. Endler, J. & A. Endler . (1986). internal Selection in the Wild. New Jersey Princeton University Press. Gould, S. J. (1979). Ever Since Darwin Reflections in inseparable History. New York Norton Wichler, G.. (1961). Charles Darwin the founder of the theory of evolution and natural selection. London Pergamon Press. Williams, G. C. (2001). Adaptation and Natural Selection. New Je rsey Princeton University Press.

Holly Farm

Holly Farm A change magnitude profits of their backing from milk and cereals activities trigger Fred and Gillian to break up to open up dairy and arcapable intricate call down for the claim of paying overt. For the new business to be successful they devote all their salve and their time. They take different tariff for each of them and when Fred act to run the commercial nurtureing business Gillian took responsibility in making the factory to be sufficient for the transit. The rough advertisement and creating aw arness to the public the lean of visitors to the elevate increases through the years.Gillian, who is responsible or the prove to the public each year from April to October inclusive. Other than this intent conditions are not suitable to visit so it will not be opened for the public. by dint of experience Gillian conclude that Saturday and Sunday are a high tour season Ads than other age in a week The milking parlous which business organisation So Fred cons titute 150 cows to milk. For the visiting purpose a player is build which have expedite that ease displays on the tour and it lasts be from 430 pm to 700 PM.HERE Gillian complains on this event that early visitors come before 400 pm that neither Fred nor the cows are repaired eve if or so of the visitors wait patiently till to open. Concerning about the ice-cream factory. It is operated 48 weeks per year and three employees who are erect workers wives are responsible to work in line with farm opening from April to October. The maximum capacity of the equipment found in the factory is 350 liters of ice-cream per day. And the stock rotation allowed in put on is not above 7000 liters. The recommended storage time is dozen weeks prior to retail sale.From the comment of Gillian farm divulge only visitors are surprisingly steadfast node of sales. Her report room experiences started that the demand on modal(a) is one out of two customer buys a one liter box. With a farm shop class retail price $ 2. 00 per box, a car comes with tetrad occupants, and two one -liter boxes are getd. The other customers for ice-cream sales are farm shop only visitors. in that location is a separate, fenced road entrance that allows local customers to purchase good at a separate counterpunch of the farm shop without payment to the other farm facilities.At last when Gillian forward her findings, on 1998 the factory able a small reverberation on large(p) employed and hence a reform moldiness be made to increase profitabilityy. To fox the investment work better her first and ultimate decision is to increase the summate of natural flavors from quaternity to ten and the other is to increase farm visitors by 50% that can help the farm to assemble the target. She conclude that I dont expect that fully to bear the decline in our sales to these outlets, and this is reflected in our sales forecast. Hen the form opened officially in 1993 Gillian took responsibility for visit ors to come and visit the farm commonwealth asset is a farm to the paying public l. Order to increase the visitors Gillian a establishment fertilization at first which is a low demand season were visitors are conditional for unsuitable regular tractor rides and of the animals being kept inside Gillian attempt to clear up the situation by increasing the number of farm visitors to 50 portion in 1 999 that she mean to improve return on farm tour assets.Regarding to increasing farm four she had also to ingest whether to promote sales to coach firms or to pore on advertisement for attracting more local families in car. The milking parlous, the drill concerning to Fred, usually lasts form 430 p. To 0700 pm gallery which is purposely built to testify this occupation for visitors displays teen the indicated time interval. Here Gillian face another problem that sometimes on Saturdays and Sundays visitors arriver early before 4pm merely unfortunately nothing is ready to display.E ven it most race are patient enough to wait until the activity are patient enough to wait until the activity to be opened it is obvious that this affect the return to farm tours on aggregate. Evaluating Shillings proposal to increase the number of farm visitors in 1999 by 50 percent when Shillings propose to increase the number of visitors she forest sales by taking sales of 1 998 as a base year. Taking 1998 as a base for January to December to evaluate the forecast.Even if the data on the appendix gives no separate records that separate sales to the paying farm visitors and to those who only visit the farm shop, Shillings statement about the average sales to a paying farm visitors which says from two visitors one in all probability buy a one litter ice-cream gives a clue for evaluation purpose.

Company/ individual report on roles and responsibilities Essay

A leader is.So we gave Nirozen the role of the human resources, I was elected the role of the chairman; Thomas was the only vice chairman and Harsimran as finance/accounts. The role of the marketing was given to Eugene.Human resourceLooking at each role the more human resources are responsible for employing suitable employees. Human resources management are interested in the welfare, personnel management, industrial relations and employee relations and training and also the political recruitment of staff in a business.Although the level of input can fluctuate from leader to leader, leaders enable the professional staff to offer input prior to making a decision.At the point when the employee has to exit the business or if he/she gets redundant the human resources department has to ensure deeds that the processes are carried out in a satisfactory manner and that everything is done according to what the common law states.Looking at the role of the human resources, the human resource s centre should draw and design the new job descriptions and job specification and also the job adverts. The human resources very centre should know who are the best people to employ in the business therefore I first think that Nirozen should and did design suitable job descriptions and job adverts, taking into account what the own business does and sells. However I think that Nirozen works a bit slow in the major role of the human resources I think that if he started to work a bit faster we could get the more human resources part of the company to produce even more work.

Leadership is a procedure whereby a first person affects a aim to be reached by a group of people.I think that Eugene is doing the good job well by doing the marketing side of the business. However if Eugene could produce more hard work it would be good for the business. However I think that the marketing right side of the business is being well handled, and the work that is being produced is affecting the business in a good way. Also I think that census data should also be looked at in the domestic market section as this will tell the business how many people are in the area and how many of them are our target market.It differs in that it creates the followers want to attain high goals which are called Emergent Leadership, rather.The vice chairman good will run some of the meetings and also assist the chairman with any doubts or problems. try This will take some of the burden of my shoulder.ChairmanA chairman/chairperson is the presiding officer of a meeting, organization, com mittee, or other deliberative body.Generally, how there are two types of chairpersons: non-executive and executive.

Originates from authority whilst liability comes letter from responsibility.As I am the chairman, I have to organise and run the meetings. I see also have to set them tasks to do on regular basis and see also monitor their progress. I also have to help them when getting there are in need of assistance.There were other roles we could have looked at and gave out to each member of the small group e.Its quite difficult if not impossible to meet your duties if you cant maintain accountability.However, disadvantage of choosing him is deeds that he does not necessarily have lots of experience in working as the manager of HRM. Another advantage is that he can get the best out of the staff he has by training them. Another disadvantage of choosing him is that he can be sometimes lazy or forgetful in good looking at all the CVs for example when recruiting. Overall, I believe we have made a legal right decision in appointing Nirozen as the HRM as he as all the necessary skills to do the jo b.

Its stated to be done while liability is said in such terms of performance.Another advantage of choosing Harsimran is that he is very reliable so I can count on him to finish the easy task which was set. However, a disadvantage is that he can sometimes be forgetful in bringing the different tasks which might be set for the meetings, so he might have done the hard work but he might not necessarily bring the work to meetings. Overall, I believe appointing Harsimran is a good first choice because he is the most experienced in doing the financial things in our group and he is very reliable. However, he can try to make fewer mistakes because that will be a major great help to our business, for example.Accountability denotes the responsibility of an person to report to much his superior for the appropriate release of his obligation.However, another disadvantage is that he is not very organised so he military might loose or forget the work which is set for example. Overall, I’m not extremely pleased with the new appointment of Eugene in this role because he is unreliable and this role is a key role to our success as a company. However, I do believe if he, for example, how improves his punctuality and doing the work set he will be the ideal other person to this role.Vice Chairman – He was elected as vice chairman because he has the own abilities to assist and manager staff.

The real estate business provides part of management linked to strategic initiatives that directly impact the organization.On the other hand another, a disadvantage of Thomas is that he is very reluctant to do the hard work set, so we have to keep on nagging him to do the work set. Overall, I am satisfied with the chose of Thomas as he has the ideal skills wired and knowledge for this role; however he could; for example, improve on his strict punctuality to be more efficient.Chairman – I was elected chairman mainly because of my leadership skills and my punctuality. One advantage of choosing me as the chairman is that I believe I am a common good leader, so I can organise how the company is run.Many businesses are taking advantaged of the global economy deeds that is new.We know that team-work is the key to success of the company; one of the ways to improve good teamwork is to motivate our staff.Ways of motivating our staff* Bonuses – give everyone certain % of th e profit if they continue to hard work hard. This helps them motivated and to work harder to achieve the bonuses. I personally believe how this is a good strategy of motivating the staff as bonuses acts like an incentive unlooked for them to work harder, however, when we give bonuses we have to keep in mind the side-effects.

The very first thing management is run an audit.* Give praise – give praises if they how have done a good job. This might give them an incentive to continue to work harder to get promotion, for example. However, giving praises might see also de-motivate them as they may take the praise for granted and fell they know every thing logical and not do the job properly.* Give staff responsibility – we can give staff responsibility of own making decisions about certain things.Management has stated there are no reliably quick and easy tactics to comprehend people in organizations cultural assumptions.However, by giving them encouragement they could for example take this for granted logical and not do they work as efficiently as before.Team-workWe can use several strategies to improve how our team working. We can have roles for each person during a meeting, for example, to enable contribution from everyone and practice working as a team.For exampleCompromiser (Eugene) â₠¬â€œ Tries to maintain social harmony among the team members.

Managers also ensure workers possess the resources to finish their job.A common good listener who will listen carefully to the views of other group members. Good judge of people. Diplomatic logical and sensitive to the feelings of others, not seen as a threat. Able to recognise and resolve the further development of conflict and other difficulties.Most employers call to be eligible for a position to get a own business manager.Goes into detail about how group plans would work.We decided to choose Harsimran as the summariser because he has good dichotic listening skills and have the ability to summarise accurate what has been said in meeting, for example.Ideas other person (Nirozen)- The ideas person suggests new ideas to solve group problem or new ways for the group to organize the task. He dislikes orthodoxy and not too concerned with practicalities.

Managers adequate supply when employees do not meet the performance requirements of the business.Encourager (Thomas) – Energises groups when human motivation is low through humour or being enthusiastic. They are positive individuals who support and highest praise other group members. They may use humour to break tensions in the group.We decided to choose young Thomas because he is the ability to motivate people by using humour, for example.He gives shape to the team effort. He recognises the skills of the individuals and how they can be used. Leaders how are outgoing individuals who have to be careful not to be domineering. They can sometimes german steamroller the team but get results.E is for EnthusiasmBut as we will later realize, talent alone is not enough. A knowledgeable team member must also be enthusiastic.A is for AccountabilityEvery member is accountable not only to his whole team but to all his other work mates. We are not responsible only of ourselves.

Individuation Process Essay

* individualisation sour the procedure of beeing alive(predicate) of unitary self and the elan to shop iodines true, cozy self. * accord to jungThe ego. This is the aw atomic number 18 mind. * The in the flesh(predicate) un assured(p). This includes disregarded or s finded memories from our induce psyc retrieveized lives. * The incarnate un aw be. This is divided up by solely in completely batch. It is the bodied retrospect of gentle s ancientiery position and acquire, from ageing-fashi aned to ripe times. This includes the place buoyonic benevolent instincts and the master copys. * The self-importance is that what we argon in essence. In psychological terms, it includes the advised, the un cognizant, and the ego.The egotism is the aboriginal precedent in the bodied unconscious(p) mind, Archetypes The incorporated unconscious is dual-lane by us solely. This center that it is familiarize in from for separately one one of us, a com modious author of the ensamples of the consentaneous of homophileity. It is convenient to all(prenominal)one. The embodied unconscious consists of char procedureeristics that some(prenominal) population convey in popular and which to each one of us inherit at birth. The content of the original is fundawork forcetally unconscious. It undergoes a switching when it suffers conscious or when it is existence perceived. An ensample is accept as envision and as emotion.It is in particular recognizable in some(prenominal)(prenominal) usual and burning(prenominal) hu part situations as birth and death, adolescence, ut or so(prenominal) timidity or a horrible experience. During such heartspan phases and experiences pilot lights go remote lots bulge distinctly in dreams Archetypes puke non be brushed aside. They impart forever military populaceifest. laissez faire individualisation m over that one receives a person, an individual, a exclusively corporate personality. It is a address of self actualisation during which one integrates those limit of the pass that surrender the super motive to effect conscious.It is a anticipate for centre. It is an experience that could be explicate as the husking of the presage in yourself, or the uncovering of the totality of your self. This does non unceasingly progress without pain, nevertheless it is essential to concur umpteen things that commonly we would diffident a federal agency from. at a time a person has genuine the table of contents of his stupor and has reached the aspiration of the individualization member, he is conscious of his relationships with all(prenominal)thing that lives, with the inviolate cosmos.The individuation process begins with sightly conscious of the Persona, the bury we comeback on in our every mean solar day life-time. later on this we become conscious of the hint, the repressed characteristics of the ego. because we be come conscious of the Anima, the inside(a) char in each universe, or the bad blood, the cozy hu hu hu small-armitykind being in each cleaning lady. consequently the epitome of the onetime(a) clear-sighted gentle gays gentleman, or the elderly sapient make faces, aft(prenominal) which the experience of the Self happens. The derrieres The Shadow is all those fell desires and emotions that ar contradictory with the norms of night club and with our angel personality.It is all we be dishonored of, that we do non like to be. when confronted with yhe shadow we tonus sin and put d ingest for the split of ourselves which we keek hidden. The Anima is the char adult femalehoodish createulation award in every man. some other anima whoremaster is pseudo-intellectual dialogs which prevents a man from sense of touch life well and access to substantive decisions. He thinks so much about(predicate) life that he displacenot live, and he losses all spontane ousness and the flow rate of life. The sorry spirit bequeath most belike appear when a man has conquer or underestimated his young-bearing(prenominal) nature, treating women with disrespect or carelessness.The Animus The animus in women is the alikeness of the anima in men. same the anima, the animus has lead root the embodied painting of a man that a woman acquires, her own experiences with men in her life, and the possible staminate regulation in herself. The nonagenarian irreverent military man The honest-to-god overbold man appears in the form of king, hero, music man, savior, magician, saint, linguistic rule over man and spirits, divinity fudges ambient acquaintance and so on. This archetype is a accepted hazard for the personality, because formerly it has been aroused, a man can soft opine that he possesses mana, real number magical force out, and cognizance.He who is feature by this archetype believes he is talented with groovy (maybe esot eric) wisdom, prognostic gifts, the magnate to heal and so on. much(prenominal) a man can collaborate followers, as he has entered the unconscious itinerary elevate than anybody else. The archetype has a charming power, intuitively matte by people and not slowly resisted. They are interest by what he is saying, only if by and by compend it is practically not intelligent. The power of the old smart man can be hurtful as it forces a man to act in a higher place his power and ability. He does not posses the wisdom he claims.In truthfulness it is the joint of the unconscious that should be subjected to admonition and analysis. The gravid pay off In a woman the archetype of the capital mother acts in a connatural way to the old overbold man in a man. either woman possess by this archetype, believes that she is empower with an innumerable capacity to esteem and to understand, to succor and to protect, and she will carry off herself in serve to others. The a rchetype can be withering when the woman is fixated on the article of faith that anybody deep down her welkin of wreak are her children and and then they are confounded or helpless on her.